When Gertrude Black was born on 10 March 1892, in Comanche, Texas, United States, her father, Isaac Parker Black, was 30 and her mother, Inez Louise (Lula) Staples, was 29. She had at least 5 daughters with Ola Richard Chandler. She lived in Ward Four, St. Landry, Louisiana, United States in 1940 and San Pablo, Contra Costa, California, United States for about 1 years. She died on 23 April 1979, in Texarkana, Miller, Arkansas, United States, at the age of 87.
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Under the direction of Governor Jim Hogg, Texas filed a lawsuit against John D. Rockefeller for violating state monopoly laws. Hogg argued that Standard Oil Company and Water-Piece Oil Company of Missouri were engaged in illegal practices like price fixing, rebates, and consolidation. Rockefeller was indicted, but never tried in a court of law; other employees of his company were convicted as guilty.
A landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court upholding the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities if the segregated facilities were equal in quality. It's widely regarded as one of the worst decisions in U.S. Supreme Court history.
Jeannette Pickering Rankin became the first woman to hold a federal office position in the House of Representatives, and remains the only woman elected to Congress by Montana.
English and Scottish: chiefly from Middle English blak(e) ‘black’ (Old English blæc, blaca), a nickname given from the earliest times to a swarthy or dark-haired man. However, Middle English blac also meant ‘pale, wan’, a reflex of Old English blāc ‘pale, white’ with a shortened vowel. Compare Blatch and Blick . With rare exceptions it is impossible to disambiguate these antithetical senses in Middle English surnames. The same difficulty arises with Blake and Block .
Scottish: in Gaelic-speaking areas this name was adopted as a translation of the epithet dubh ‘dark, black-(haired)’, or of various other names based on Gaelic dubh ‘black’, see Duff .
Americanized form (translation into English) of various European surnames directly or indirectly derived from the adjective meaning ‘black, dark’, for example German and Jewish Schwarz and Slavic surnames beginning with Čern-, Chern- (see Chern and Cherne ), Chorn-, Crn- or Czern-.
Dictionary of American Family Names © Patrick Hanks 2003, 2006.
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