When Mary Emma Langstaff was born on 23 June 1869, in West Branch, Cedar, Iowa, United States, her father, Enoch S Langstaff, was 26 and her mother, Eliza Ann Heald, was 22. She married George Allen Gilks on 5 April 1890, in San Bernardino, California, United States. They were the parents of at least 3 sons and 1 daughter. She lived in Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States for about 10 years and San Antonio Judicial Township, Los Angeles, California, United States in 1920. She died on 12 July 1960, in Los Angeles, California, United States, at the age of 91, and was buried in Glendale, Los Angeles, California, United States.
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Prohibits the federal government and each state from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's race, color, or previous condition of servitude. It was the last of the Reconstruction Amendments.
Hostilities between Modoc Indians and white settlers resulted in the Modoc War during 1872-1873. A Modoc band of nearly 200 people, led by Captain Jack Kintpuash, was fleeing a forced relocation to a reservation occupied by their enemies, the Klamaths. The band had returned to their former land on Lost River, which now had white settlers occupying the area. The conflict erupted on November 29, 1872, when 40 troops were sent to move the Modocs back to the reservation. An argument erupted and shots were fired. Several were killed and the Modocs fled to “The Stronghold,” a large, cavernous lava bed. The holdout went on for months with several clashes. On April 11, 1873, General Edward Richard Sprigg Canby and Reverend Eleazar Thomas were killed by the Modocs during a negotiation. The Modocs lacked resources and supplies and eventually surrendered on July 4. In total, 2 Modocs and 71 enlisted military men lost their lives.
A landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court upholding the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities if the segregated facilities were equal in quality. It's widely regarded as one of the worst decisions in U.S. Supreme Court history.
English (mainly northeastern): nickname from Middle English lang ‘long’ + staf ‘staff’, perhaps a nickname for a bailiff or other officer of the law. Compare Longstaff .
Dictionary of American Family Names © Patrick Hanks 2003, 2006.
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