When Richard d'Aumale was born in 1114, in Holderness, Yorkshire, England, his father, Estienne d'Aumale Comte de Aumâle, was 44 and his mother, Hawise de Mortimer, was 26.
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King John of England agreed to a charter of rights called the Magna Carta. The document was originally drafted by the Archbishop of Canterbury to establish peace between King John and a group of rebel barons. The Magna Carta was completed in 1215 and is now considered to be one of the greatest constitutional documents of all time.
France declared war on England as Louis VIII of France attacked Poitou and northern Gascony.
One of the most enduringly successful of the Old French personal names introduced into Britain by the Normans. It is of Germanic (Frankish) origin, derived from rīc ‘power’ + hard ‘strong, hardy’. It has enjoyed continuous popularity in England from the Conquest to the present day, influenced by the fact that it was borne by three kings of England, in particular Richard I ( 1157–99 ). He was king for only ten years ( 1189–99 ), most of which he spent in warfare abroad, taking part in the Third Crusade and costing the people of England considerable sums in taxes. Nevertheless, he achieved the status of a folk hero, and was never in England long enough to disappoint popular faith in his goodness and justice. He was also Duke of Aquitaine and Normandy and Count of Anjou, fiefs which he held at a time of maximum English expansion in France. His exploits as a leader of the Third Crusade earned him the nickname ‘Coeur de Lion’ or ‘Lionheart’ and a permanent place in popular imagination, in which he was even more firmly enshrined by Sir Walter Scott's novel Ivanhoe ( 1820 ).
Dictionary of First Names © Patrick Hanks and Flavia Hodges 1990, 2003, 2006.
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