When Lydia Coleman was born about 1812, in New York, United States, her father, Samuel Coleman, was 39 and her mother, Esther Belden, was 41.
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War of 1812. U.S. declares war on Britain over British interference with American maritime shipping and westward expansion.
Because of the outbreak of war from Napoleonic France, Britain decided to blockade the trade between the United States and the French. The US then fought this action and said it was illegal under international law. Britain supplied Native Americans who raided settlers living on the frontier and halting expansion westward. In 1814, one of the British raids stormed into Washington D.C. burning down the capital. Neither the Americans or the British wanted to continue fighting, so negotiations of peace began. After Treaty of Ghent was signed, Unaware of the treaty, British forces invaded Louisiana but were defeated in January 1815.
During the years 1799 to 1827, New York went through a period of gradual emancipation. A Gradual Emancipation Law was passed in 1799 which freed slave children born after July 4, 1799. However, they were indentured until 25 years old for women and 28 years old for men. A law passed 1817 which freed slaves born before 1799, yet delayed their emancipation for ten years. All remaining slaves were freed in New York State on July 4, 1827.
Irish and English: from the Middle English personal name Col(e)man, Old Irish Colmán, earlier Columbán, adopted as Old Norse Kalman. It was introduced into Cumbria, Westmorland, and Yorkshire by Norwegians from Ireland and probably spread widely across England. Ó Colmáin (‘descendant of Colmán’) was the name of an Irish missionary to Europe, also known as Saint Columban(us) (c. 540–615), who founded the monastery of Bobbio in northern Italy in 614. Columbanus is formally a derivative of the Latin for ‘dove’, seen in the name of the 6th-century missionary known in English as Saint Columba (521–597), who converted the Picts to Christianity. This surname is also very common among African Americans.
Irish: from Mac Colmáin or Ó Colmáin ‘son (or descendant) of Colmán’.
Americanized form of Jewish (Ashkenazic) Kalman or Kolman .
Dictionary of American Family Names © Patrick Hanks 2003, 2006.
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