When Martin Armstrong was born in 1513, in Dumfriesshire, Scotland, United Kingdom, his father, John Gilnockie Armstrong, was 33 and his mother, Elizabeth Graham of Montrose, was 18.
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English and Scottish (mainly Northumberland and the Scottish Borders): nickname from Middle English arm + strang, for someone who was ‘strong in the arm’.
Irish (Ulster): adopted as an English equivalent of Gaelic Ó Labhradha Tréan ‘strong O'Lavery’ or Mac Thréinfhir, literally ‘son of the strong man’.
History: This surname was brought to PA, NJ, and NH in the 18th century by several different families of northern Irish and northern English Protestants. One such was James Armstrong, who emigrated from Fermanagh to Cumberland County, PA, in 1745; another was John Armstrong (1720–95), who settled in Carlisle, PA, c. 1748.
Dictionary of American Family Names © Patrick Hanks 2003, 2006.
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