When Thomas Ainsley Armstrong was born on 26 May 1831, in Rosette, Queens, Nova Scotia, Canada, his father, George Armstrong, was 47 and his mother, Martha Salome Whitman, was 41. He had at least 4 sons and 1 daughter with Sarah Sophia Murphy. He lived in Newton, Middlesex, Massachusetts, United States in 1880 and Boston, Suffolk, Massachusetts, United States in 1910. He died on 4 July 1914, in Los Angeles, California, United States, at the age of 83, and was buried in Central Cemetery, Beverly, Essex, Massachusetts, United States.
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Convinced that a group of Native American tribes were hostile, The United States formed a frontier militia to stop them in their tracks. Even though Black Hawk was hoping to avoid bloodshed while trying to resettle on tribal land, U.S. officials opened fire on the Native Americans. Black Hawk then responded to this confrontation by successfully attacking the militia at the Battle of Stillman's Run and then left northward. After a few months the militia caught up with Black Hawk and his men and defeated them at the Battle of Wisconsin Heights. While being weakened by hunger, injuries and desertion, Black Hawk and the rest of the many native survivors retreated towards the Mississippi. Unfortunately, Black Hawk and other leaders were later captured when they surrendered to the US forces and were then imprisoned for a year.
Historical Boundaries: 1850: Los Angeles, California, United States
Abraham Lincoln was Elected President of the United States in November of 1860
English and Scottish (mainly Northumberland and the Scottish Borders): nickname from Middle English arm + strang, for someone who was ‘strong in the arm’.
Irish (Ulster): adopted as an English equivalent of Gaelic Ó Labhradha Tréan ‘strong O'Lavery’ or Mac Thréinfhir, literally ‘son of the strong man’.
History: This surname was brought to PA, NJ, and NH in the 18th century by several different families of northern Irish and northern English Protestants. One such was James Armstrong, who emigrated from Fermanagh to Cumberland County, PA, in 1745; another was John Armstrong (1720–95), who settled in Carlisle, PA, c. 1748.
Dictionary of American Family Names © Patrick Hanks 2003, 2006.
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