When Horace Cicero Smith was born on 30 September 1830, in Suffield, Hartford, Connecticut, United States, his father, Cicero Smith, was 28 and his mother, Mary Austin, was 28. He married Emily Maria Austin in 1856. They were the parents of at least 1 son and 1 daughter. He lived in Columbia, Herkimer, New York, United States in 1850. He died on 2 April 1909, in Springfield, Hampden, Massachusetts, United States, at the age of 78, and was buried in Suffield, Hartford, Connecticut, United States.
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Convinced that a group of Native American tribes were hostile, The United States formed a frontier militia to stop them in their tracks. Even though Black Hawk was hoping to avoid bloodshed while trying to resettle on tribal land, U.S. officials opened fire on the Native Americans. Black Hawk then responded to this confrontation by successfully attacking the militia at the Battle of Stillman's Run and then left northward. After a few months the militia caught up with Black Hawk and his men and defeated them at the Battle of Wisconsin Heights. While being weakened by hunger, injuries and desertion, Black Hawk and the rest of the many native survivors retreated towards the Mississippi. Unfortunately, Black Hawk and other leaders were later captured when they surrendered to the US forces and were then imprisoned for a year.
In 1840, the American Anti-Slavery Society split and slavery started being outlawed in the state. In Canterbury, Connecticut, Prudence Crandall started a school for young African American girls. The people got mad and Crandall was taken to court. The case was lost and that was the beginning of many other cases that would be lost, but it was also the start of having slavery abolished.
Abraham Lincoln issues Emancipation Proclamation, declaring slaves in Confederate states to be free.
English and Scottish: occupational name denoting a worker in metal, especially iron, such as a blacksmith or farrier, from Middle English smith ‘smith’ (Old English smith, probably a derivative of smītan ‘to strike, hammer’). Early examples are also found in the Latin form Faber . Metal-working was one of the earliest occupations for which specialist skills were required, and its importance ensured that this term and its equivalents in other languages were the most widespread of all occupational surnames in Europe. Medieval smiths were important not only in making horseshoes, plowshares, and other domestic articles, but above all for their skill in forging swords, other weapons, and armor. This is also the most frequent of all surnames in the US. It is very common among African Americans and Native Americans (see also 5 below). This surname (in any of the two possible English senses; see also below) is also found in Haiti. See also Smither .
English: from Middle English smithe ‘smithy, forge’ (Old English smiththe). The surname may be topographic, for someone who lived in or by a blacksmith's shop, occupational, for someone who worked in one, or habitational, from a place so named, such as Smitha in King's Nympton (Devon). Compare Smithey .
Irish and Scottish: sometimes adopted for Gaelic Mac Gobhann, Irish Mac Gabhann ‘son of the smith’. See McGowan .
Dictionary of American Family Names © Patrick Hanks 2003, 2006.
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