Elizabeth Carmack was born on 6 May 1830, in Maryland, United States as the daughter of Levi Carmack and Frances Simms. She married James Longworth about 1851, in Maryland, United States. They were the parents of at least 3 sons and 3 daughters. She lived in Travellers Rest, Owsley, Kentucky, United States in 1870 and Magisterial District 3 Pond Creek, Jackson, Kentucky, United States in 1880. She died about 1900, in Ousley, Lowndes, Georgia, United States, at the age of 71.
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Convinced that a group of Native American tribes were hostile, The United States formed a frontier militia to stop them in their tracks. Even though Black Hawk was hoping to avoid bloodshed while trying to resettle on tribal land, U.S. officials opened fire on the Native Americans. Black Hawk then responded to this confrontation by successfully attacking the militia at the Battle of Stillman's Run and then left northward. After a few months the militia caught up with Black Hawk and his men and defeated them at the Battle of Wisconsin Heights. While being weakened by hunger, injuries and desertion, Black Hawk and the rest of the many native survivors retreated towards the Mississippi. Unfortunately, Black Hawk and other leaders were later captured when they surrendered to the US forces and were then imprisoned for a year.
In 1830, U.S. President Andrew Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act which required all Native Americans to relocate to areas west of the Mississippi River. That same year, Governor Gilmer of Georgia signed an act which claimed for Georgia all Cherokee territories within the boundaries of Georgia. The Cherokees protested the act and the case made its way to the U.S. Supreme Court. The case, Worcester v. Georgia, ruled in 1832 that the United States, not Georgia, had rights over the Cherokee territories and Georgia laws regarding the Cherokee Nation were voided. President Jackson didn’t enforce the ruling and the Cherokees did not cede their land and Georgia held a land lottery anyway for white settlers.
According to the 1850 census Kentucky was the 8th most populated state with 982,405 people.
Probably a shortened and altered form of Irish McCormack (see McCormick ), or possibly of Carmaig, an unexplained Scottish name, also recorded as Carmag.
Dictionary of American Family Names © Patrick Hanks 2003, 2006.
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