When James Gardner was born on 31 March 1827, in Painswick, Gloucestershire, England, United Kingdom, his father, William Gardner, was 47 and his mother, Elizabeth Cook, was 40. He married Harriet Cottle in 1851, in Stroud, Gloucestershire, England, United Kingdom. They were the parents of at least 3 sons and 1 daughter. He lived in Painswick, Gloucestershire, England in 1851. He died on 2 May 1900, in Painswick, Gloucestershire, England, United Kingdom, at the age of 73.
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Eclectic Period (Art and Antiques).
The Factory Act restricted the hours women and children could work in textile mills. No child under the age of 9 were allowed to work, and children ages 9-13 could not work longer than 9 hours per day. Children up to the age of 13 were required to receive at least two hours of schooling, six days per week.
The Crimean War was fought between Russia and an alliance of Britain, France, Sardinia and Turkey on the Crimean Peninsula. Russia had put pressure on Turkey which threatened British interests in the Middle East.
English and Scottish: occupational name from Middle English gardener ‘gardener’, Old French gardinier, jardinier.
Americanized form (translation into English) of German Gärtner or Gartner and French Desjardins .
Dictionary of American Family Names © Patrick Hanks 2003, 2006.
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