When Marcin Chronowski was born on 9 November 1822, in Krużlowa, Grybów, Nowy Sącz, Małopolska, Poland, his father, Kazimierz Chronowski, was 28 and his mother, Anna Polanski, was 27. He married Agnieszka Gora on 14 November 1849, in Krużlowa, Grybów, Nowy Sącz, Małopolska, Poland. They were the parents of at least 5 daughters. He died on 6 February 1889, in his hometown, at the age of 66.
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The Polish-Russian War of 1830 to 1831 was referred to as the November Uprising or the Cadet Revolution. Young Polish officers, under the influence of Piotr Wysocki, carried out an armed rebellion against the Russian Empire. The revolt initially had local successes, but the overall uprising was crushed by the massive Imperial Russian Army.
Europe experienced a period of rebellions and political upheavals known as the Spring of Nations. During this time, the Greater Poland Uprising of 1848 began against Prussian forces. Much of the fighting was concentrated in the Greater Poland region, but some fights did occur inside of the Prussian Partition. The insurrection was ultimately unsuccessful for the Polish and resulted in many casualties on both sides. The Kingdom of Prussia had at least 500 deaths and over 640 Polish citizens were killed.
The Raffles Europejski Warsaw, known as The European Hotel, is a famous luxury hotel in the center of Warsaw, Poland. Upon opening in 1857, it was considered one of the most luxurious and modern hotels in Europe. The hotel suffered serious damage during World War II, but was rebuilt for a grand reopening in 1962. The location remains an iconic vacation spot to this day.
form of the Latin name Martinus. This was probably originally derived from Mars (genitive Martis), the name of the Roman god of war (and earlier of fertility). Martin became very popular in the Middle Ages, especially on the Continent, as a result of the fame of St Martin of Tours . He was born the son of a Roman officer in Upper Pannonia (an outpost of the Roman Empire, now part of Hungary), and, although he became a leading figure in the 4th-century Church, he is chiefly remembered now for having divided his cloak in two and given half to a beggar. The name was also borne by five popes, including one who defended Roman Catholic dogma against Eastern Orthodox theology. He died after suffering imprisonment and privations in Naxos and public humiliation in Constantinople, and was promptly acclaimed a martyr by supporters of the Roman Church. Among Protestants, the name is sometimes bestowed in honour of the German theologian Martin Luther ( 1483–1546 ); Martin was used as a symbolic name for the Protestant Church in satires by both Dryden and Swift. A further influence may be its use as the given name of the civil-rights leader Martin Luther King ( 1929–68 ).
Dictionary of First Names © Patrick Hanks and Flavia Hodges 1990, 2003, 2006.
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